Anodal

Subjects then repeated the experiment 12 times, with one group receiving so-called anodal tDCS ❋ Unknown (2010)

In females, cathodal VPC-tDCS tended to decrease whereas anodal VPC-tDCS significantly increased utilitarian responses (p = .005). ❋ Manuela Fumagalli Et Al. (2010)

Note that whereas in males after VPC-tDCS utilitarian responses remained statistically unchanged, in females, after anodal VPC-tDCS utilitarian responses significantly increased. doi: 10.1371/journal. pone.0008865.g001 ❋ Manuela Fumagalli Et Al. (2010)

In accordance with this point of view, in our study anodal tDCS had the same effect as a lesion in the ventral portion of the frontal cortex. ❋ Manuela Fumagalli Et Al. (2010)

Yet, because dopamine is an anionic catecholamine that during electrophoresis migrates toward the anode, anodal VPC-tDCS could increase dopamine levels in the frontal lobe, influencing the reward circuit and ultimately altering decisional processes, increasing the rate of utilitarian responses. ❋ Manuela Fumagalli Et Al. (2010)

To do so, in 60 healthy subjects we delivered anodal and cathodal tDCS to the VPC ❋ Manuela Fumagalli Et Al. (2010)

Both groups of stimulation were in turn subdivided in two groups, anodal and cathodal. ❋ Manuela Fumagalli Et Al. (2010)

For each item, the response of a given subject, a given stimulation (anodal, cathodal VPC-tDCS and anodal, cathodal OC-tDCS) and a given time (pre, post tDCS) was coded as 0 (non-utilitarian) or 1 (utilitarian) and the corresponding RT was entered. ❋ Manuela Fumagalli Et Al. (2010)

We therefore conclude that anodal and cathodal tDCS both interfere with rational decisions, or rational evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of each option in both sexes, but do so more strongly in females. ❋ Manuela Fumagalli Et Al. (2010)

Whereas tDCS left response patterns to the moral judgment task in males unchanged, in females anodal VPC-tDCS increased the utilitarian responses for all types of dilemmas tested. ❋ Manuela Fumagalli Et Al. (2010)

To assess the effect of tDCS on mood, we computed the differences (after-before tDCS) and tested them in a three-way within subjects analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with tDCS (anodal, cathodal VPC-tDCS and anodal, cathodal OC-tDCS) and gender (males, females) as factors and education and religion as covariates for mood VAS and happiness VAS. ❋ Manuela Fumagalli Et Al. (2010)

Hence cathodal and anodal tDCS both induce a functional brain system imbalance through the same mechanism. ❋ Manuela Fumagalli Et Al. (2010)

However, whereas cathodal tDCS alters the time of utilitarian reasoning in both sexes, anodal stimulation interferes more incisively, modifying utilitarian reasoning and its possible consequent actions, also in a gender-specific way. ❋ Manuela Fumagalli Et Al. (2010)

The female susceptibility to the effects of anodal VPC-tDCS we found in utilitarian responses could arise in several ways. ❋ Manuela Fumagalli Et Al. (2010)

Because preliminary experiments showed that during VPC-tDCS subjects reported a mild itching sensation and a metallic taste, we did not use sham stimulation but we only compared anodal vs. cathodal tDCS. ❋ Manuela Fumagalli Et Al. (2010)

Subjects were unable to distinguish anodal or cathodal tDCS. ❋ Manuela Fumagalli Et Al. (2010)

This possibility notwithstanding, even if in studies investigating tDCS-induced changes in primary cortices anodal stimulation delivered close to neurons depolarizes the neuronal membrane and cathodal stimulation hyperpolarizes it, cognitive studies leave the relation between polarity and the effects on the neuronal membrane unclear ❋ Manuela Fumagalli Et Al. (2010)

Our experiments indicate that tDCS-induced changes in utilitarian reasoning are site-specific and that both anodal and cathodal VPC-tDCS differentially modified subjects 'performance in the moral judgment task, suggesting that the effects are specific and depend on factors other than skin perception. ❋ Manuela Fumagalli Et Al. (2010)

For example, the gender-related effects of tDCS on utilitarian judgments might agree with the known gender specificity in the effects of cathodal and anodal tDCS on brain excitability ❋ Manuela Fumagalli Et Al. (2010)

A central point to clarify is how anodal and cathodal tDCS differentially modify utilitarian choices. ❋ Manuela Fumagalli Et Al. (2010)

In the [electrolysis] of water, the [anode] produces [oxygen]. ❋ Chemguide (2019)

That poem [that Jack] wrote totally blew; he said it was an [ode] but was so anode it was [odious]. ❋ DruC4 (2009)

problem: Your computer is almost completely [broken]. [solution]: Get the [hard drive], everything else can be a sacrificial anode. ❋ Alyeda (2010)

he's from las anod ❋ Readyforthemoon55 (2020)

Oh [Henrietta], [fist] upon my [anode]!! ❋ Anakitskywalker (2020)

-Anod just got me an expensive coffee from [Dunkin]. — Yeah, she’s your best friend dumbass, [she’d] do [anything for you] ❋ (2021)