Morphological traits such as brachycephaly are characteristic of certain breeds and had a functional purpose at the time that those breeds were created. ❋ Danika Bannasch Et Al. (2010)
On the other hand, the Borreby skulls are all somewhat broader, in proportion to their length, than the Neanderthal skull, while some attain that proportion of breadth to length (80: 100) which constitutes brachycephaly. ❋ Unknown (2007)
From Central Asia eastward to the Pacific Islands and subcontinents on the one hand, and to America on the other, brachycephaly and orthognathism gradually diminish, and are replaced by dolichocephaly and prognathism, less, however, on the ❋ Unknown (2007)
Among the characteristics of the yellow or xanthodermic race are: deficient length of the limbs; total height 7 to 7.5 heads; mamma papillata; brownish-yellow to light yellow skin, coarse and black hair of the head, with a round cross - section; hair on the body scant; inclination to brachycephaly; broad, short jaw; slight frontal ridge; short, small, strong foot with moderate arch. ❋ 1840-1916 (1913)
Thus the vast majority of heads are mesaticephalic with more tendency toward brachycephaly than to dolichocephaly. ❋ David Prescott Barrows (1913)
On the other hand, high cheek-bones and broad faces -- a condition most usually found associated with brachycephaly -- have sometimes been noted as associated with undue or violent sexuality. ❋ Havelock Ellis (1899)
In this study, an across breed mapping approach using SNP arrays and fine mapping techniques was used to identify chromosomal locations that are associated with brachycephaly using comparable sample numbers to studies that have investigated traits within single breeds. ❋ Danika Bannasch Et Al. (2010)
In this study we identified the major locus for brachycephaly using an across breed genome-wide association mapping strategy with only a small number of dogs. ❋ Danika Bannasch Et Al. (2010)
Fine mapping using haplotype analysis for brachycephaly. ❋ Danika Bannasch Et Al. (2010)
Table S1 for the positive control loci as well as brachycephaly. ❋ Danika Bannasch Et Al. (2010)
In order to further confirm the chromosome assignment for brachycephaly, a second independent data set was used for genome wide association. ❋ Danika Bannasch Et Al. (2010)
An association between a variant of the canine TCOF1 gene and brachycephaly has been suggested in the past ❋ Danika Bannasch Et Al. (2010)
The second candidate gene for brachycephaly, SMOC2, was located just outside of the critical interval for brachycephalic head type. ❋ Danika Bannasch Et Al. (2010)
Across breed genome-wide association for brachycephaly. ❋ Danika Bannasch Et Al. (2010)
There is little variation within these breeds for brachycephaly, indicating that individuals are largely fixed for the causative allele. ❋ Danika Bannasch Et Al. (2010)
Normalized relative heterozygosity (x axis) is plotted against position on CFA 1 in Mb (y axis) using a five SNP sliding window for brachycephaly in the original dataset. ❋ Danika Bannasch Et Al. (2010)
A. - log 10 of the permutated (100,000) p values (y axis) for genome wide association for brachycephaly across dog breeds are plotted by chromosome (x axis). ❋ Danika Bannasch Et Al. (2010)
Archeological evidence suggests that brachycephaly existed before the formation of modern breeds so it is likely that the major locus that confers this phenotype is common among affected breeds ❋ Danika Bannasch Et Al. (2010)
