Columellar

During the maturation of the snail, the outer-basal tooth is resorbed; the adult snails retain only the columellar. ❋ AYDIN (2009)

The red arrow in the right-hand picture is pointing at the columellar tooth. ❋ AYDIN (2009)

The drawing below, showing the branches of the columellar muscle of Helix pomatia, is from the last volume of Libbie Hyman's incomplete series The Invertebrates, published in 1967 shortly before she died. ❋ AYDIN (2008)

Quoting from Hyman [italics mine]:In [Helix pomatia] the [columellar] muscle, after leaving its origin on the columella, forks into right and left parts, of which the smaller right part sends a branch into each tentacle on that side and then loses itself in the tissues of the foot. ❋ AYDIN (2008)

Snails can do that without any trouble because their bodies are attached to their shells by only one muscle, the columellar, that twists around the axis of coiling, the columella. ❋ AYDIN (2006)

Somehow, it survived, reattached its columellar muscle and continued to grow, building its own shell. ❋ AYDIN (2006)

He has also shown that the initiation and development of the columellar plaits in Voluta, Mitra, and other gasteropod molluscs ❋ Unknown (1872)

-- N.S. (Fig. 141.) Shell fusiform, contracted above the body-whirl, and forming thereby a sub-cylindrical spire; spire obtuse apex papillated and hooked; body-whirl plaited longitudinally at its top; columellar lip furnished with only two plaits. ❋ Unknown (1858)

This genus is characterized by its elongated fusiform shape, its round or angular whirls, open canal, and its folds upon columellar lip, which is more or less tortuous. ❋ Unknown (1858)

The primary external complication was columellar necrosis, or tissue death at the end of the nasal septum, which was observed in five of 91 patients (5.5 percent). ❋ PhysOrg Team (2010)

"In our series, columellar necrosis was found as early as 10 days after placement of nasal CPAP, but columellar necrosis has been reported as early as after only three days of nasal CPAP use in very-low-birthweight infants." ❋ PhysOrg Team (2010)

Bent backwards in a  winged configuration and secured to columellar graft or residual medial crura. ❋ Unknown (2009)

Graft Sources Graft sources:  Septum (bony / cartilaginous) o Conchal cartilage o Osteochondral rib grafts o Calvarial bone o Intrinsic contours of specific conchal  elements well-suited for reconstruction of nasal structure: Concha cymba -- columellar strut o Concha cavum -- tip grafts, LLCs o Bowl sidewall -- alar replacement, o batten grafts, ULC replacements  Cartilage grafts must be placed on a well-vascularized bed to ensure viability. ❋ Unknown (2009)

Prophylactic placement of columellar struts is also often required to counter flap contraction which presisposes to alar retraction and tip distortion. ❋ Unknown (2009)

The structure of the entire lower nose can be refashioned using a combination of grafts: Anatomic replacements for the alar cartilages are created in an L shape and a columellar graft placed for tip support. ❋ Unknown (2009)

Easily recognized by its high spire and by the sulcate columellar folds. ❋ Unknown (1771)