-- Schematic illustration of the author's "high-low" method of esophagoscopy, fourth stage. ❋ Chevalier Jackson (1911)
The presence of aneurysm is a distinct contraindication to esophagoscopy for diagnosis except in case of suspected foreign body. ❋ Chevalier Jackson (1911)
-- In the presence of aneurysm, advanced organic disease, extensive esophageal varicosities, acute necrotic or corrosive esophagitis, esophagoscopy should not be done except for urgent reasons, such as the lodgment of a foreign body; and in this case the esophagoscopy may be postponed, if necessary, unless the patient is unable to swallow fluids. ❋ Chevalier Jackson (1911)
-- In undertaking direct laryngoscopy one must always be prepared for bronchoscopy, esophagoscopy, and tracheotomy, as well. ❋ Chevalier Jackson (1911)
During esophagoscopy when the level of the heart is reached, the head and upper thorax must be strongly depressed below the plane of the table in order to follow the axis of the lumen of the ventrally turning esophagus; at the same time the head must be brought somewhat to the right, since the esophagus in this region deviates strongly to the left. ❋ Chevalier Jackson (1911)
It is necessary to keep this general course constantly in mind in all cases of esophagoscopy, but particularly in those cases in which there is marked dilatation of the esophagus following spasm at the diaphragm level. ❋ Chevalier Jackson (1911)
-- Curved position of the cervical spine, with anterior convexity, in the Rose position, rendering esophagoscopy and bronchoscopy difficult or impossible. ❋ Chevalier Jackson (1911)
Phonation may be prevented during esophagoscopy by preventing approximation of the cords, through inserting a silk-woven cathether in the trachea. ❋ Chevalier Jackson (1911)
Perforation of the esophagus by the foreign body, or by blind instrumentation, is a contraindication to esophagoscopy. ❋ Chevalier Jackson (1911)
_Retrograde esophagoscopy_ through a gastrostomy wound offers some advantages over peroral treatment; but unless the gastrostomy is high, the procedure is undoubtedly more difficult. ❋ Chevalier Jackson (1911)
-- Correct position of the cervical spine for esophagoscopy and bronchoscopy. ❋ Chevalier Jackson (1911)
This is to be followed by diagnostic esophagoscopy. ❋ Chevalier Jackson (1911)
Complete physical examination and Wassermann reaction are further routine preliminaries to any esophagoscopy. ❋ Chevalier Jackson (1911)
Invaluable practice in esophagoscopy is found in the treatment of strictures of the esophagus by weekly or biweekly esophagoscopic bouginage. ❋ Chevalier Jackson (1911)
If aneurysm is present and esophagoscopy is necessary, as it always is in foreign body cases, "to be fore-warned is to be forearmed." ❋ Chevalier Jackson (1911)
-- For esophagoscopy and gastroscopy, if general anesthesia is desired, ether may be started by the usual method and continued by dropping upon folded gauze laid over the mouth after the tube is introduced. ❋ Chevalier Jackson (1911)
As pointed out by Ellen J. Patterson the size of the thymus gland should be studied before an esophagoscopy is done on a child. ❋ Chevalier Jackson (1911)
Blind instrumentation is dangerous, and in view of the safety and success of esophagoscopy, reprehensible. ❋ Chevalier Jackson (1911)
_Preliminary examination of the pharynx and larynx with tongue depressor_ should always precede esophagoscopy, for any purpose, because the symptoms may be due to laryngeal or pharyngeal disease that might be overlooked in passing the esophagoscope. ❋ Chevalier Jackson (1911)
Direct laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, esophagoscopy and gastroscopy are procedures in which the lower air and food passages are inspected and treated by the aid of electrically lighted tubes which serve as specula to manipulate obstructing tissues out of the way and to bring others into the line of direct vision. ❋ Chevalier Jackson (1911)
