Fishmeal

The farmed salmon are fed pellets made from fishmeal, which is a mixture of wild fish ripped from the ocean with a long list of chemicals and hormones added to it, and lead ridiculous lives as unnatural as cows forced to eat GM corn in overcrowded concentration camps. ❋ Maria Rodale (2011)

Peru is a leading exporter of silver, copper and gold, as well as fishmeal, which is used as animal feed. ❋ WSJ Staff (2011)

For example, carnivorous fish such as salmon are fed fishmeal, which is made from wild caught fish. ❋ Unknown (2008)

Peruvian anchovies are ground-up into fishmeal, which is primarily used to feed aquaculture fish. ❋ Unknown (2010)

Standard diets contain an assortment of ingredients, and sometimes animal proteins such as fishmeal, the likely source of arsenic. ❋ Unknown (2009)

Researchers at the Cayetano Heredia University calculated that if Peru's 100 fishmeal plants worked around the clock -- 9,000 tons an hour -- they could process 30 times more anchoveta than the annual quota set by the government. ❋ The Center For Public Integrity (2012)

The company attributed it to stronger operations from the South Pacific fleet and the Peruvian fishmeal operations. ❋ The Center For Public Integrity (2012)

In 2002, Peru banned the use of jack mackerel for fishmeal, reserving it for human consumption. ❋ The Center For Public Integrity (2012)

While fishmeal exports are big business in Chile -- about $535 million annually -- in Peru they are three times bigger: $1.6 billion a year. ❋ The Center For Public Integrity (2012)

In the intrigues of fish politics, PacAndes sides with Peru, where it operates 32 vessels and has a share of the anchoveta quota, another species used for fishmeal. ❋ The Center For Public Integrity (2012)

Those 630,000 "missing" tons of anchoveta -- worth nearly $200 million as fishmeal -- were simply not counted. ❋ The Center For Public Integrity (2012)

An analysis of more than 100,000 weighing records from 2009 to the first half of 2011 found that most of Peru's fishmeal companies systematically cheated on half of the landings-- in some cases, underreporting catches by 50 percent. ❋ The Center For Public Integrity (2012)

Cerper and SGS, the other contracted company, are paid by the fishmeal plants they scrutinize. ❋ The Center For Public Integrity (2012)

In all, at least 630,000 metric tons of anchoveta -- worth nearly $200 million in fishmeal -- "vanished" in the weighing process over two and a half years. ❋ The Center For Public Integrity (2012)

Patricia Majluf, vice president of Imarpe, Peru's highly regarded oceans institute, described what she says are countless ways for fishermen and fishmeal plants to cheat on weight, evade taxes, cut corners and break rules. ❋ The Center For Public Integrity (2012)

Peru's deputy fisheries minister Jaime Reyes Miranda acknowledged in an interview with ICIJ that there are "serious problems" with scales at fishmeal plants and said the government is trying to find a solution to make sure anchoveta numbers are not manipulated. ❋ The Center For Public Integrity (2012)

Here the issue is not just the over-fishing of jack mackerel but also anchoveta, which looks like an anchovy-sized sardine, a crucial source of fishmeal for aquaculture. ❋ The Center For Public Integrity (2012)