Hawala

Much of the funding came through a black-market banking system called hawala, which is common throughout the Middle East and South Asia. ❋ Unknown (2009)

“Operation Green Quest is focusing on the informal, largely paperless form of money exchange known as hawala, which is Arabic for ‘to change.’” ❋ Unknown (2006)

That is because a preferred method of transferring illegal money is called hawala. ❋ Cleo Paskal (2011)

Mohammad Younis, 44, was indicted on charges of operating an unlicensed money transfer business known as a hawala, an informal network popular in South Asia and the Middle East. ❋ Unknown (2010)

Officials have speculated that he used informal Middle East money-transfer networks known as hawala, which are difficult to trace. ❋ Unknown (2010)

Mr. Younis allegedly gave Mr. Shahzad the money at the direction of an unidentified co-conspirator in Pakistan through an unlicensed money-transfer business known as a hawala, according to an indictment unsealed by federal prosecutors in Manhattan. ❋ Unknown (2010)

A decadelong effort to close off the U.S. financial system to terrorism funding is falling short of stopping people who send small sums at a time, often using informal money transmitters known as hawala, authorities say. ❋ Evan Perez (2010)

* The main way to get cash out of Dubai is something called hawala, an informal network of secret money-transfer agents all over the world that circumvents the global banking system. ❋ Eric J.Weiner (2010)

Compounding that issue has been the difficulty and reluctance to monitor charities, as well as the abundant informal money transfer networks called hawala, or worker remittances. ❋ AP (2010)

Mohammad Younis, 44, was indicted on charges of operating an unlicensed money transfer business known as a hawala, an informal funds network popular in South Asia and the Middle East. ❋ Unknown (2010)

Banki reported receiving the money on his tax returns, but was convicted of illegally operating an informal money transfer network, known as hawala, and for violating sanctions against Iran. ❋ Unknown (2011)

Financial dealings in Afghanistan are dominated by informal networks known as hawala, which may account for 80 percent of transactions. ❋ Unknown (2010)

But it's proved very difficult for the authorities to prove teh crime, also because the money was transferred via so-called hawala-banks. ❋ Esther (2010)

The informal money transfer system called hawala is said to facilitate much of the country's corruption, and Karzai's half-brother Ahmed ❋ Unknown (2010)