Wang XT, Cai H, Leung SW, Guggino SE (2007) Characterization of endogenous betaine gamma-amino-n-butyric acid cotransporter glycoform and its hyperosmotic regulation in MDCK cells. ❋ Chang-Jin Park Et Al. (2010)
Our data show that exposure to hyperosmotic conditions (for 60 min) significantly increases SPAK mRNA transcription, which is in agreement with previous reports that osmolarity does not affect mRNA stability or enzyme degradation ❋ Unknown (2009)
Whilst the luminal fluid in the descending limb becomes increasingly hyperosmotic down the length of the limb, the fluid in the ascending limb becomes increasingly hypotonic, as sodium, potassium and chloride are being removed with the aid of the Na+ / K+-2Cl - cotransport system in the apical membrane. ❋ Unknown (2009)
Here we report significantly increased SPAK expression levels in hyperosmotic environments, such as mucosal biopsy samples from patients with Crohn's disease, as well as colon tissues of C57BL / 6 mice and Caco2-BBE cells treated with hyperosmotic medium. ❋ Unknown (2009)
For mRNA decay experiments, Caco2-BBE cells pretreated with actinomycin D (5 μg / ml) for 1 hour to arrest transcription were cultured in hyperosmotic medium (610 mOsm) or isoosmotic DMEM at indicated time points. ❋ Unknown (2009)
Fig. 7B, hyperosmotic medium significantly increases NF-κB ❋ Unknown (2009)
Loitsch SM, von Mallinckrodt C, Kippenberger S, Steinhilber D, Wagner TO, et al. (2000) Reactive oxygen intermediates are involved in IL-8 production induced by hyperosmotic stress in human bronchial epithelial cells. ❋ Unknown (2009)
Our results additionally demonstrate that NF-κB and Sp1 transcription factors are essential for regulation of SPAK expression under hyperosmotic conditions. ❋ Unknown (2009)
Eichinger L (2007) STATc is a key regulator of the transcriptional response to hyperosmotic shock. ❋ Unknown (2009)
Caco2-BBE cells were transiently transfected with these constructs, then stimulated by exposure to hyperosmotic conditions (610 mOsm) for 30 min. ❋ Unknown (2009)
These data demonstrate that Sp1 has an important role in the basal expression of SPAK, and Sp1 and NF-κB have important roles in the transcriptional regulation of SPAK expression under hyperosmotic conditions. ❋ Unknown (2009)
Under hyperosmotic conditions, constructs I and II showed ~70 and 53-fold increases, respectively, in promoter activity compared with the basic vector pGL3, to give activities that were about 95\% and 72\%, respectively, of the activity of the full-length SPAK promoter. ❋ Unknown (2009)
Ferraris JD, Dmitrieva NI (2007) Cellular response to hyperosmotic stresses. ❋ Katherine Drews-Elger Et Al. (2009)
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), are multi-factorial diseases typically associated with relapsing diarrhea, which is caused by increased paracellular permeability of the intestinal epithelial lining and an intestinal hyperosmotic environment ❋ Unknown (2009)
Furthermore, immunofluorescence showed that hyperosmotic treatment leads to Caco2-BBE cell shrinkage and increases the intercellular space. ❋ Unknown (2009)
Mak SK, Kultz D (2004) Gadd45 proteins induce G2 / M arrest and modulate apoptosis in kidney cells exposed to hyperosmotic stress. ❋ Katherine Drews-Elger Et Al. (2009)
Ulloa JA, Chiong M, Criollo A, Eisner V, et al. (2003) Aldose reductase induced by hyperosmotic stress mediates cardiomyocyte apoptosis: differential effects of sorbitol and mannitol. ❋ Unknown (2009)
