Ionizations

Normally, there is a good balance between ionizations and recombinations. ❋ Unknown (2009)

So there are a lot of atomic transitions and ionizations going on in this material ejected in this stellar wind. ❋ Unknown (2009)

Suppose you want to calculate some sort of rate constant for photoionization, that when multiplied by the density of atoms, will give you the rate of photo-ionizations per volume. ❋ Julianne (2008)

Keeping track of ... velocities, pressures, ionizations, a barrelful of shifty rages. ❋ Anderson, Poul, 1926- (1998)

Since the effective ultraviolet hits are in the form of randomly scattered single-atom changes in the purines and pyrimidines of the chromosomes, rather than in groups of atom changes, it seems likely that clusters of ionizations are not necessary for the gene mutation effects, at any rate, although we cannot be sure of this until the relation of mutation frequency to dosage is better known for this agent. ❋ Unknown (1964)

Whether these so-called "hits" are the individual ionizations, or may even be the activations that occur at lower energy levels, or whether, at the other end of the scale, they require the clustering of ionizations that occurs at the termini of electron tracks and of their side branches (as Lea and Fano point out might be the case), is as yet undecided. ❋ Unknown (1964)

personal alarm dosimeter that relies on ionizations to work, and neutrons don't ionize things, she says. ❋ Maggie Koerth-Baker (2011)

We find that surface core ionizations cause emission of carbon fragments and protons through a direct Auger mechanism, whereas deeper core ionizations cause hydrides to be emitted from the surface via remote heating, consistent with results from photon-stimulated desorption experiments [Hoffman A, Laikhtman A, (2006) 1To whom correspondence should be addressed. ❋ Unknown (2009)