Pial

February 2, 2008 at 1:12 pm an, sinse it iz caturday, we all can has big paaty? i maeks bery bery gud pial… piel… spanish ricey dishes! an mai wurld famose samgrea! missy, yoo can habs furst tayst! ❋ Unknown (2008)

May 3, 2008 at 6:14 pm i wantz tah be in da pial of teh kittahs! ❋ Unknown (2008)

I saw the former both in the extra-dural and peri-pial forms, but never in sufficient quantity to exert a degree of pressure calculated to produce symptoms of total transverse lesion. ❋ George Henry Makins (N/A)

Examples of both extra - and intra-dural (peri-pial) hæmorrhage are afforded by cases 99, 102, and 103; in none was it large in amount or widely distributed. ❋ George Henry Makins (N/A)

It seems most likely that the outer wall of these channels is lined by a continuation inward of the pial mesothelium while the inner wall is probably derived from the mesothelial covering of the vessels, which are thus protected throughout the subarachnoid spaces. ❋ Unknown (1918)

They all showed in common very marked lesions of the cortex, including the frontal regions (in two instances the extent of the frontal lesions was presaged by focal overlying pial changes) .999 was a case of pseudoleukemia with marked cortical devastation but without brain foci of lymphoid cells. ❋ Unknown (1916)

Chandra, have hidden the yellow leaves of his manuscript book among the young buds of the _pial_ forest, and Dada is out looking for it. ❋ Rabindranath Tagore (1901)

These intra-cerebral lesions may be accompanied by an effusion of blood into the meshes of the arachno-pial membrane, and they may occur either at the part of the head struck, or at the opposite pole of the axis of percussion -- the so-called point of _contre-coup_. ❋ Alexander Miles (1893)

They are known as (1) _meningocele_, which consists of a protrusion of a cul-de-sac of the arachno-pial membrane, containing cerebro-spinal fluid; (2) _encephalocele_, in which a portion of the brain is protruded in addition to the membranes; and (3) _hydrencephalocele_, in which the protruded portion of brain includes a part of one of the ventricles. ❋ Alexander Miles (1893)

When the symptoms are localised, the condition is probably due to œdematous infiltration of the injured portion of brain; when generalised, to increased intra-cranial tension from serous effusion into the arachno-pial space. ❋ Alexander Miles (1893)

_ -- It is not uncommon for a diffuse œdematous infiltration of the brain substance or of the arachno-pial membrane to take place in the vicinity of the injured portion of brain. ❋ Alexander Miles (1893)

The process is at first attended with a copious effusion of cerebro-spinal fluid into the arachno-pial space and into the ventricles (_serous lepto-meningitis_), but this fluid tends to become purulent, the pus forming in a thin layer over the surface of the brain, and in the sulci between the convolutions (_purulent lepto-meningitis_). ❋ Alexander Miles (1893)

The excess of fluid is found both in the arachno-pial space and in the ventricles. ❋ Alexander Miles (1893)

_ -- In certain cases of cerebral tumour, and of tuberculous meningitis associated with an excessive quantity of fluid in the arachno-pial space, temporary relief of such symptoms of increased intra-cranial tension as headache, vertigo, blindness, or coma, has followed the withdrawal of from 30 to 40 c.cm. of the fluid. ❋ Alexander Miles (1893)

# -- An extravasation of blood into the arachno-pial space frequently occurs during birth. ❋ Alexander Miles (1893)

The open structure of the arachno-pial membrane favours the rapid spread of the infection, which may extend over the surface of the hemispheres, or downwards towards the base (_basal meningitis_), or in both directions. ❋ Alexander Miles (1893)

# -- If the infection spreads to the adjacent arachno-pia (_localised lepto-meningitis_), adhesions usually form, and shut off the infected area from the general arachno-pial space. ❋ Alexander Miles (1893)

The arachno-pia, especially at the base, is studded over with miliary tubercles, and an excess of fluid collects in the arachno-pial space and in the ventricles (_acute hydrocephalus_). ❋ Alexander Miles (1893)

An excess of cerebro-spinal fluid may collect in the arachno-pial space surrounding the brain, or in the interior of the ventricles, constituting in the former case an _external_, and in the latter an ❋ Alexander Miles (1893)

The grey matter is torn, and extensive effusion of blood takes place into the brain substance, and on the surface, filling up the sulci, and distending the arachno-pial space (Fig. 184). ❋ Alexander Miles (1893)