Pleocytosis

The virus cannot be cultured routinely from CSF, though lymphocytic pleocytosis and elevations in protein concentrations are observed. ❋ Unknown (2010)

The opening pressure is often elevated, and a CSF pleocytosis is observed in over 90% of patients, although its initial absence does not rule out HSV-1 encephalitis. ❋ Yassermetwally (2010)

The CSF might show neutrophilic or mononuclear pleocytosis, or an elevated protein and depressed glucose content, and MRI can reveal enhancement in the ventricular ependyma. ❋ Yassermetwally (2010)

Patients typically have a mononuclear pleocytosis, with a mean of ❋ Yassermetwally (2010)

CSF pleocytosis is usually present, often with a predominance of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. ❋ Yassermetwally (2010)

In a comprehensive clinical, radiological and virological analysis of four patients with EBV myeloradiculitis, encephalomyeloradiculitis and meningoencephalomyeloradiculitis, [57] the CSF contained a mononuclear pleocytosis with elevated protein and normal glucose; in two patients, MRI scans revealed an increased signal in the spinal cord and lumbosacral roots, but no brain swelling or focal changes. ❋ Yassermetwally (2010)

Typical features of HSV-2 meningitis are headache, fever, stiff neck, and lymphocytic pleocytosis in the CSF. ❋ Yassermetwally (2010)

CSF mononuclear pleocytosis is usually present in both vasculopathies. ❋ Yassermetwally (2010)

Patients not on treatment at the time of disease onset could be treated with either drug as monotherapy, and switched to combination therapy if they progressed clinically and/or had persisting CSF pleocytosis (a potential marker of drug failure). ❋ Yassermetwally (2010)

CSF pleocytosis and elevated protein levels are common in patients with early syphilis or HIV. ❋ Abdulrehmanm (2009)

The patients had a mononuclear pleocytosis, (200 cells/mm3 (0.2 × 109 cells/l). ❋ Yassermetwally (2010)

CSF analysis is abnormal in around 80\% of cases of HE, often with elevated protein concentrations, and less often, a lymphocytic pleocytosis [ ❋ Unknown (2008)