"We've found the process, called sumoylation, is involved in the regulation of some major agricultural traits," Hasegawa said. ❋ Unknown (2009)
Given your comment I will start at the same time with sumoylation to be able to compare. ❋ Pedro Beltrao (2008)
It would probably be much easier to go for sumoylation sites - there is at least one class of sites that behaves more like phosphorylation motifs. ❋ Pedro Beltrao (2008)
To determine whether PIAS1 can increase FOXL2 sumoylation, we co-transfected COS-7 cells with myc-FOXL2 and HA-PIAS1, both in the presence or absence of NEM. ❋ Mara Marongiu Et Al. (2010)
B. Sequence alignment of the FOXL2 region surrounding the putative sumoylation sites using the ClustalW2 Web based tool (right panel). ❋ Mara Marongiu Et Al. (2010)
The mutation of all 4 putative sumoylation sites (FOXL2-KFULL) leads to a level of FOXL2 inhibition independent of the addition of SUMO-1, whereas wild-type mediated inhibition is increased by SUMO-1. ❋ Mara Marongiu Et Al. (2010)
In outline, sumoylation involves the reversible covalent attachment of a SUMO protein moiety (about 11 kDa) to lysine residues in proteins through a three-step process, engaging the E1-activating molecules SAE1/SAE2, the E2-conjugating enzyme UBC9, and E3 ligases such as PIAS in mammalian cells that confer specificity ❋ Mara Marongiu Et Al. (2010)
In vertebrates, Drp1 is subjected to multiple posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination and sumoylation ❋ Angela C. Poole Et Al. (2010)
Proteins of the PIAS family can act as SUMO-3 ligases, significantly enhancing the level of the substrate sumoylation ❋ Mara Marongiu Et Al. (2010)
Addition of a single SUMO-1 moiety would add a molecular mass of about 11 kDa, so that the apparent increase of more than 50 kDa in denaturing gels suggests that 3 to 5 SUMO groups might be conjugated on FOXL2 to account for the various species seen and there might be multiple sumoylation sites with a single SUMO-1 moiety. ❋ Mara Marongiu Et Al. (2010)
It is intriguing that similar sumoylation and regulatory consequences have also been reported for SOX9, the male counterpart of FOXL2 in somatic gonadal tissues. ❋ Mara Marongiu Et Al. (2010)
It is now clear that sumoylation is a vital control of FOXL2, and it shows an intriguingly symmetrical action in the yin and yang of FOXL2 and SOX9 in the determination of sex and gonadal development. ❋ Mara Marongiu Et Al. (2010)
More than two-thirds of the known SUMO substrate proteins have a consensus sumoylation motif ❋ Mara Marongiu Et Al. (2010)
Mitochondrial dynamins can be regulated by post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, sumoylation and ubiquitination ❋ Alexis Jourdain (2010)
These findings are consistent with sumoylation of FOXL2 in vivo. ❋ Mara Marongiu Et Al. (2010)
In our study PIAS1 and UBC9 are StAR promoter activators, and showed an effect opposite to FOXL2, which acts as a repressor of the It is important to note that the effects of sumoylation - especially because it is balanced to some extent by de-sumoylation - are not all-or-none, but rather provide a finer modulation of the levels and localization of the transcription factors. ❋ Mara Marongiu Et Al. (2010)
To assess any effects of FOXL2 sumoylation on transcriptional activity, we carried out a series of transactivation assays with luciferase as a reporter gene, driven by the 972 bp promoter of the human ❋ Mara Marongiu Et Al. (2010)
(K114R, K150R, KFULL); sumoylation (K114R, K150R, KFULL); and transcriptional activity (all the four mutations singly and all together). ❋ Mara Marongiu Et Al. (2010)
Identification and characterization of putative FOXL2 sumoylation sites. ❋ Mara Marongiu Et Al. (2010)
