Synthase

ATP synthase is found in chloroplast and mitochondrial membranes and in the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria. ❋ Unknown (1997)

F1 part of the ATP synthase is determined by Walker and co-workers. ❋ Unknown (1997)

Boyer proposed that ATP synthase is like a cylinder with alternating alpha and beta subunits. ❋ Unknown (1997)

Bealer JF, Natuzzi ES, Buscher C, Ursell PC, Flake AW, Adzick NS, Harrison MR: Nitric oxide synthase is deficient in the aganglionic colon of patients with Hirschsprung's disease. ❋ Unknown (2010)

1937 - Herman Kalckar (Denmark) establishes that ATP synthase is linked with cell respiration. ❋ Unknown (1997)

Remington, Wiegand) and recently of a very large multienzyme complex, heavy riboflavin synthase (with Ladenstein). ❋ Unknown (1989)

By 1997, a supercomputer with hundreds of gigaflops could simulate the 36,000 atoms in an estrogen receptor, and by 2003, a teraflops-class super could model the 327,000 atoms in the F1 portion of ATP synthase, which is cool because it is a molecular rotor powered by proton gradients inside the cell. ❋ Unknown (2010)

Roundup works by inhibiting an enzyme called EPSP synthase, which is necessary for plants to grow. ❋ Unknown (2009)

A similar enzyme in oranges, called valencene synthase, was responsible for producing its taste and smell. ❋ Kerry A. Dolan (2010)

DuPont's Optimum GAT seeds are genetically modified to grow into soybean plants able to survive exposure to glyphosate-based weedkiller as well as another herbicide called acetolate synthase. ❋ Scott Kilman (2011)

Functional and structural studies on the enzyme ATP synthase, connected to this proton pumping mechanism, was awarded one-half of the ❋ Unknown (2010)

Walker had determined the crystal structure of ATP synthase, and this structure confirmed a mechanism earlier proposed by Boyer, mainly on the basis of isotopic studies. ❋ Unknown (2010)

Aminoacidopathies (maple syrup urine disease; homocystinuria; cobalamin deficiencies; tyrosinemia; urea cycle defects (ornithine transcarbamylase, carbamyl phosphate synthase, citrullinemia, argininosuccinic aciduria, arginase deficiencies) and non-ketotic hyperglycinemia) ❋ Unknown (2010)

Resveratrol is the best-known member of a family of compounds called stilbenes, the general name for which is stilbene synthase STS. ❋ M.D. Nicholas Perricone (2010)

This protein, which is normally part of the life-giving electron transport chain needed to fuel of the ATP synthase will now moonlight as the a death signal, where it will bind to a protein called Apf1 triggering the formation of the the death wheel, which will then sequentially bind caspase 9s to form the apoptosome, which will activate an army of caspase 3s, reinforcing the signal from the death receptor. ❋ Unknown (2008)

How did ATP Synthase come into existance, and how on earth did reproduction happen before ATP synthase existed. ❋ Unknown (2008)