The animals 'browsing is causing major changes in the structure of woodland vegetation, especially of the "understorey" of shrubs and bushes, which is, in effect, being eaten to bits. ❋ Independent UK (2010)
The massive pines in front of me, some perhaps over 400 years old, had an understorey of rowan and birch. ❋ Ray Collier (2010)
The total darkness, which has been broken only by the crazy dance of the fireflies, is fading and now shapes are forming – branches, fronds, vines, bushes, leaves, thorns, the soaring reach of the canopy, the matted tangle of the understorey. ❋ Unknown (2011)
As shade works its way into the understorey of the canopy, the shadows will be illuminated for a week or so, and then the cow parsley is gone; by July it will be nothing more than sticks and the patter of seed falling when you rattle the papery stems. ❋ Unknown (2010)
Although rainfall is low, the bare rock surfaces of the massifs and plateaux concentrate run-off into wadis and temporary pans, which are relatively well wooded oases, even having gallery woodland with understorey. ❋ Unknown (2008)
Palms exist in both canopy and understorey of all types of forest, the predominant palms in non-flooded areas being Mauritia miriti and M. carana. ❋ Unknown (2008)
The track, a seldom-used blazed trail, led steeply up the north side of the valley through thick silver beech forest with little understorey and a scattering of totara. ❋ Unknown (2007)
In the cloud forest between 2,700 m and 3,200 m the bamboo Fargesia nitida, an important food for giant pandas, dominates the understorey and between 2,700 m and 3,800 m there are 15 species of rhododendron. ❋ Unknown (2009)
Tree ferns and palms such as Geonoma appuniana and Euterpe caatinga grow well and Bromeliaceae and Eriocaulaceae grow in the understorey (Castillo, 2005; Sears, 2001b). ❋ Unknown (2009)
From 1,700 m to 2,300 m, there is a belt of mixed forest with Chinese hemlock Tsuga chinensis, pines Pinus tabulaeformis and P. armandii, three species of maple Acer yui, A. erianthum and A. davidii with Alnus nepalensis, Juglans sigillata and Betula alnoides and an understorey of arrow bamboo. ❋ Unknown (2009)
A more open canopy results in a more developed understorey. ❋ Unknown (2009)
After about 20 years without grazing by sheep or deer, this willow forms an understorey with other shrubs to a sparse woodland of birch (Betula pubescens) and rowan (Sorbus aucuparia) trees. ❋ Unknown (2009)
Japanese clethra Clethra barbinervis and anise magnolia Magnolia salicifolia are common decorative understorey trees. ❋ Unknown (2009)
Pinelands are dominated by slash pine Pinus elliotti var. densa and contain a large number of the endemics among the shrub and herbaceous species of the understorey. ❋ Unknown (2009)
The understorey is scant with the exception of grasses such as Themeda villosa. ❋ Unknown (2009)
Owing to the openness of the canopy and the varying effects of fire, the understorey is diverse and varies with soil type. ❋ Unknown (2009)
Semal-bhellar Bombax ceiba-Trewia nudiflora, with understorey shrubs Callicarpa macrophylla, Clerodendrum viscosum and Phyllanthus emblica, represent a later stage in succession. ❋ Unknown (2009)
Coastal western hemlock and sitka spruce occur along the western and southern edges of the park, mixed with black cottonwood Populus sp. and sitka alder along streams and beach fringes, and an understorey of moss, blueberry Vaccinium sp. devil's-club Oplopanax horridus, skunk cabbage and ferns. ❋ Unknown (2008)
Coffee plants have now invaded the forest understorey in several areas. ❋ Unknown (2008)
These forests also contain many species characteristic to steppe vegatation, such as Pyrus eleagnifolia, Prunus spinosa, Crateagus spp., and many herbaceous species in the understorey. ❋ Unknown (2008)
