But those who have once tasted the city are never wholly weaned from it, and every citizen who moves into a village-community sends two countrymen back to take his place. ❋ Various (N/A)
For Aristotle the village-community was the 'colony' ([Greek: apoikia]) or direct offspring of the patriarchal household, but he nowhere admits the city-state to be the 'colony' of the village-community. ❋ Various (N/A)
They were probably the only places at which the members of the different primitive groups met for any purpose except warfare, and the persons who came to them were doubtless at first persons especially empowered to exchange the produce and manufactures of one little village-community for those of another. ❋ Robert Ezra Park (1926)
Facts also show that the devolution of the sacrificial office accompanies devolution of property, for this has to bear the costs of the sacrifices; and by a natural corollary the head of the village-community combines the characters of priest and ruler. ❋ Various (1910)
Each village-community was self-governing; the headman in it taking the place of the father in the family; he was responsible for order, so it was his business to keep the people happy; -- and the same principle was extended to fit the province, the viceroyalty, the empire. ❋ Kenneth Morris (1908)
Round the original nucleus there gradually accreted from the earliest period of the Middle Ages the freed men of the surrounding districts, fugitive serfs, and others who sought that protection and means of livelihood in a community under the immediate domination of a powerful lord, which they could not otherwise obtain when their native village-community had perchance been raided by some marauding noble and his retainers. ❋ Ernest Belfort Bax (1890)
Habits derived from the village-community life, retained in our modern villages. ❋ Petr Alekseevich Kropotkin (1881)
However, another element, besides the village-community principle, was required to give to these growing centres of liberty and enlightenment the unity of thought and action, and the powers of initiative, which made their force in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. ❋ Petr Alekseevich Kropotkin (1881)
However, the village-community institutions so well respond to the needs and conceptions of the tillers of the soil that, in spite of all, Europe is up to this date covered with living survivals of the village communities, and European country life is permeated with customs and habits dating from the community period. ❋ Petr Alekseevich Kropotkin (1881)
The above inquests have also given origin to an immense literature, in which the modern village-community question for the first time emerges from the domain of generalities and is put on the solid basis of reliable and sufficiently detailed facts. ❋ Petr Alekseevich Kropotkin (1881)
They lasted for years, until these men, previously tied by no mutual bonds, gradually came to the idea that an end must be put to disputes by introducing village-community ownership. ❋ Petr Alekseevich Kropotkin (1881)
The "free agriculturists" (volnyie khlebopashtsy), who were liberated from serfdom under the law of 1803, and had bought their allotments -- each family separately -- are now nearly all under the village-community system, which they have introduced themselves. ❋ Petr Alekseevich Kropotkin (1881)
They passed decisions to the effect that the land which they owned individually should henceforward be their common property, and they began to allot and to re-allot it in accordance with the usual village-community rules. ❋ Petr Alekseevich Kropotkin (1881)
The medieval city thus appears as a double federation: of all householders united into small territorial unions -- the street, the parish, the section -- and of individuals united by oath into guilds according to their professions; the former being a produce of the village-community origin of the city, while the second is ❋ Petr Alekseevich Kropotkin (1881)
Such documents were called Kumi-cho or "Kumi*-enactments": they established the rules of conduct to be observed by all the members of a village-community, and their social interest is very great. ❋ Lafcadio Hearn (1877)
Contrast with the Russian village-community which is not represented in the general government ❋ John Fiske (1871)
The political unit, or the social cell in India has always been, and, in spite of repeated foreign conquests, is still the village-community. ❋ Alexander Wilder (1861)
There are traces of an earlier stage of village-community life to be discovered in the later republican and monarchical constitutions, and in the same manner nothing can be clearer, particularly in Greece, than that the monarchy of Zeus was preceded by what may be called the septarchy of several of the great gods of Greece. ❋ Alexander Wilder (1861)
Hence he became the author and giver of life, of the life of plants and animals and of men; and his favor having once been implored for "light and life and all things," what wonder that in the minds of some poets, and in the traditions of this or that village-community he should have been raised to the rank of a supreme ruler, a god above all gods, their own true god! ❋ Alexander Wilder (1861)
The number and importance of mutual-aid institutions which were developed by the creative genius of the savage and half-savage masses, during the earliest clan-period of mankind and still more during the next village-community period, and the immense influence which these early institutions have exercised upon the subsequent development of mankind, down to the present times, induced me to extend my researches to the later, historical periods as well; especially, to study that most interesting period -- the free medieval city republics, of which the universality and influence upon our modern civilization have not yet been duly appreciated. ❋ Petr Alekseevich Kropotkin (1881)
