Volcanological

The only copy of a volcanological risk assessment for Montserrat, in the Caribbean, was blown away in a hurricane. ❋ Unknown (2011)

Current sensors were not designed specifically for detecting volcanic ash, but data-processing techniques have been developed over time for that use by various atmospheric and volcanological researchers. ❋ Unknown (2009)

Using the latest volcanological research and the invaluable eyewitness account of Pliny the Younger, Harris crafts not only a scrupulously accurate reconstruction of the phases of the two-day eruption, but a realistic depiction of the ensuing pandemonium that grips the reader with a chilling immediacy. ❋ Unknown (2003)

Core logging information is combined with whole rock geochemistry data, geophysical and density measurements to identify the constituent kimberlite lithologies within Star and their volcanological features that form the Star Kimberlite crater.

Information about reported instances of airports affected by volcanic activity was gleaned from various sources, including news outlets, volcanological reports (particularly the Smithsonian Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network), and previous publications on the topic (e.g., ❋ Unknown (2009)